The Seven Covenants of the Kingdom of God

 

The following builds upon the work by Tessa Beswick on the Kingdom of God with many added verses.

 

Covenants are either unconditional (irrevocable, permanent) OR conditional (dependent on obedience).  Covenants are cut by God with the addition of salt. (Leviticus 2:13; Numbers 18:19; Matt 5.13)

 

And every offering of your grain offering you shall season with salt; you shall not allow the salt of the covenant of your God to be lacking from your grain offering. With all your offerings you shall offer salt.

 

“All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer to the Lord, I have given to you and your sons and daughters with you as an ordinance forever; it is a covenant of salt forever before the Lord with you and your descendants with you.”

 

Ye are the salt of the earth, but if the salt has lost its savor, with what shall it be salted? From then on it is good for nothing, but to be cast out and to be trodden under foot of men.

 

1. Adamic Covenant — symbolized by the Ground of the Earth

 Unconditional covenant cut by sacrifice of animal to provide covering for Adam and Eve.

 

 Promises eternal life for obedience; spiritual death for disobedience. (Genesis 2:15-17; 3:22-24)

And the LORD God took the man and put him into the Garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it. ¶ And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou may freely eat; but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shall not eat of it; for in the day that thou dost eat of it thou shall surely die.

 

And the LORD God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, knowing good and evil; and now, lest he put forth his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat and live forever, therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden to till the ground from which he was taken. So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubim and a flaming sword which turned every way to keep the way of the tree of life.

 

 Covenant is still in operation — women labor, men toil, earth governs life.

 

2. Noahic Covenant — symbolized by the Rainbow

 Covenant to preserve Noah and family cut by the death of all corrupted flesh. (Genesis 6:18)

But with thee I will establish my covenant; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou and thy sons and thy wife and thy sons’ wives with thee.

 

 Unconditional promise never again to destroy all earthly life. (Genesis 9:8-17)

¶ And God spoke unto Noah and to his sons with him, saying, Behold that I establish my covenant with you and with your seed after you and with every living soul that is with you, of the fowl, of the animals, and of every beast of the earth with you, from all that go out of the ark to every animal of the earth, that I will establish my covenant with you, that all flesh shall not be cut off any more by the waters of a flood; neither shall there any more be a flood to destroy the earth.

 ¶ And God said, This is the sign of the covenant which I make between me and you and every living soul that is with you, for perpetual ages: I set my bow in the clouds, and it shall be for a sign of a covenant between me and the earth.

And it shall come to pass when I bring clouds over the earth, that the bow shall appear in the clouds; and I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every living soul of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. And the bow shall be in the clouds, and I will look upon it that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every living soul of all flesh that is upon the earth. And God said unto Noah, This shall be the sign of the covenant, which I have established between me and all flesh that is upon the earth.

 

Covenant still operates (added to Adamic) and marked by the sign/covering of the rainbow.

 

3. Abrahamic Covenant — symbolized by the Stars of Heaven, given 1876 BCE

Three-part unconditional covenant of friendship: Promise to bless Abram with descendants, land and kingship. (Genesis 12:1-3; 17:4-8)

¶ But the LORD had said unto Abram, Depart out of thy country and from thy nature and from thy father’s house unto a land that I will show thee; and I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee and make thy name great; and thou shalt be a blessing. And I will bless those that bless thee and curse those that curse thee, and in thee shall all families of the earth be blessed.

 

¶ Behold my covenant with thee: Thou shalt be a father of many Gentiles. Neither shall thy name any longer be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many Gentiles have I made thee. And I will multiply thee exceeding, and I will make Gentiles of thee, and kings shall come out of thee.

 ¶ And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee and to thy seed after thee. And I will give unto thee and to thy seed after thee, the land in which thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting inheritance; and I will be their God.

 

 Covenant cut by God walking through sacrifice of 5 animals. (Genesis 15:1-18)

¶ After these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward.

¶ And Abram said, Lord GOD, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus? And Abram said, Behold, to me thou hast given no seed; and, behold, one born in my house is my heir. And then the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, This shall not be thy heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own bowels shall be thy heir. And he brought him forth abroad and said, Look now toward the heavens and count the stars, if thou art able to number them. And he said unto him, So shall thy seed be. And he believed the LORD, and he counted it to him for righteousness.

¶ And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees to give thee this land to inherit it. And he said, Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it? And he said unto him, Take me a heifer three years old and a she goat three years old and a ram three years old and a turtledove and a young pigeon. And he took unto him all these and divided them in the midst and laid each piece one against another, but he did not divide the birds. And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them away.

¶ And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, behold, a horror of great darkness fell upon him. Then he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs and shall serve them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years; and also that nation, whom they shall serve, I will judge; and afterward shall they come out with great riches. And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age. But in the fourth generation they shall come here again; for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full.

¶ And it came to pass that when the sun went down and it was dark, behold a smoking furnace and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces. In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed shall I give this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:

 

 Abram‘s name changed to Abraham. (Genesis 17:5)

Neither shall thy name any longer be called Abram, but thy name shall be Abraham; for a father of many Gentiles have I made thee.

 

 Covenant Seal — circumcision (cutting the covenant). (Genesis 17:9-14)

And God said again unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou and thy seed after thee in their generations. This shall be my covenant, which ye shall keep between me and you and thy seed after thee: Every male among you shall be circumcised. And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and it shall be a token of the covenant between me and you. And he that is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every male in your generations, he that is born in the house or bought with money of any stranger, who is not of thy seed. He that is born in thy house and he that is bought with thy money must needs be circumcised; and my covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. And the uncircumcised male whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that person shall be cut off from his people; he has annulled my covenant.

 

 Covenant made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. (Gen 17:21; Psalm 105:8-10; Deut 7:9)

But I will establish my covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the next year.

 

¶ He has remembered his covenant forever, the word which he commanded for a thousand generations, which covenant he made with Abraham and his oath unto Isaac and confirmed the same unto Jacob by decree, and to Israel for an everlasting covenant:

 

Know, therefore, that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, who keeps covenant and mercy with those that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations

 

Inclusion in Abraham‘s family is conditional on circumcision. Abrahamic Covenant is added to the Adamic and Noahic Covenants.

 

Abrahamic Covenant includes future Gentiles or Nations. (Genesis 15:18-21, 22:18; Galatians 3:8, 9)

In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed shall I give this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates: the Kenite and the Kenizzite and the Kadmonite and the Hittite and the Perizzite and the Rephaim and the Amorite and the Canaanite and the Girgashite and the Jebusite.

 

…and in thy seed shall all the Gentiles of the earth be blessed because thou hast hearkened unto my voice.

 

And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles through faith, evangelized Abraham in advance, saying, In thee shall all the Gentiles be blessed. So then those who are of faith are blessed with Abraham, the believer.

 

God required Abraham to sacrifice his only (legitimate) son. A last minute reprieve saved Isaac but, 2000 years later, God kept His part of the Covenant by offering His only Son for the redemption of Abraham‘s progeny. (Genesis 22:1-18)

¶ And it came to pass after these things that God proved Abraham and said unto him, Abraham; and he said, Behold, here I am. 2 And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou dost love, and go to the land of Moriah and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of…7 Then Isaac spoke unto Abraham his father and said, My father; and he said, Here am I, my son. And he said, Behold the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for the burnt offering? 8 And Abraham answered, My son, God will provide himself a lamb for a burnt offering, so they both went together….

11 ¶ Then the angel of the LORD called unto him out of heaven and said, Abraham, Abraham; and he said, Here am I.

12 And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou anything unto him; for now I know that thou doest fear God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me.

13 And Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked and beheld behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns; and Abraham went and took the ram and offered him up for a burnt offering instead of his son….

15 ¶ And the angel of the LORD called unto Abraham out of heaven the second time

16 and said, By myself I have sworn, said the LORD, for because thou hast done this thing and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son; 17 that in blessing I will bless thee and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gates of his enemies;18 and in thy seed shall all the Gentiles of the earth be blessed because thou hast hearkened unto my voice.

 

Jacob's family comprises 12 tribes who together constitute the Nation of Israel.

 

The blessing of many Nations was inherited by Joseph, then his younger son Ephraim. (Gen 48:16)

The Angel who frees me from all evil, bless these young men, and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers: Abraham and Isaac; and let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.

The blessing of Headship and Kingly rule was given to Judah (even though he was not the firstborn). Judah, ancestor of Y‘shua, is Head of the Household until Shiloh (Messiah) comes. (Genesis 49:10)

The sceptre shall not be taken from Judah, nor the lawgiver from between his feet until Shiloh comes; and unto him shall the gathering of the people be.

 

This Covenant is still in process in terms of the Land and numerous descendants.

 

4. Mosaic Covenant — Symbolised by Stone Tablets of Torah, given 1446 BCE

 Israel alone, of all the families of the earth, is chosen by God. (Amos 3:1-2)

¶ Hear this word that the LORD hath spoken against you, O sons of Israel, against the whole family which I brought up from the land of Egypt, saying, You only have I known of all the families of the earth; therefore, I will visit all your iniquities against you.

 

 God reaffirmed the Abrahamic Covenant to Moses. (Exodus 6:4)

And I also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, in which they were strangers.

 

 God led the Nation of Israel (Jacob) out of slavery in Egypt. (Exodus 2:24)

And God heard their groaning and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

 

 Israel at Mt Sinai comprised Jacob‘s descendants plus Egyptian converts. (Exodus 12:37-38)

¶ And the sons of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, not counting the children. And a mixed multitude went up also with them and many sheep and cows.

 

 Israel includes all who stand at Mount Sinai. (Deut 29:14; Isaiah 56:3-8; Ephesians 2:12-19)

Neither with you only do I make this covenant and this oath….

 

¶ Neither let the son of the stranger that has joined himself to the LORD speak, saying, The LORD shall utterly separate me from his people: nor let the eunuch say, Behold, I am a dry tree. For thus has the LORD said unto the eunuchs that keep my Sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; even unto them will I give in my house and within my walls a place and a name better than of sons and of daughters: I will give them an everlasting name, that shall never be cut off. Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and that love the name of the LORD, to be his slaves, every one that keeps from polluting the sabbath, and takes hold of my covenant; even them will I bring to the mountain of my holiness, and refresh them in the house of my prayer: their burnt offerings and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon my altar; for my house shall be called, House of prayer for all peoples. The Lord GOD who gathers the outcasts of Israel says, I will still gather upon him his gathered ones.

 

…that at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world, but now in Christ Jesus ye who at another time were far off are made near by the blood of the Christ.

¶ For he is our peace, who of both has made one, breaking down the middle wall of separation, abolishing in his flesh the enmity, which was the law of commandments in the order of rites, to edify in himself the two in one new man, making peace, and to reconcile both with God by the cross in one body, having slain the enmity thereby; and he came and preached peace unto you who were afar off and to those that were near. For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father. Now therefore ye are no longer strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens with the saints and of the household of God….

 

 The Ten Commandments are a summary of the whole Torah. The Torah is not a means of salvation--rather it is a lifestyle pleasing to YHVH. (1 John 5.2-3)

In this we know that we love the sons of God, when we love God and keep his commandments. For this is the charity of God, that we keep his commandments, and his commandments are not grievous.

 

Choose: Blessings/Obedience/Life OR Curses/Disobedience/Death. (Ref: Lev 26; Deut 4-14)

 

 Sabbath is the mark of identity of Israelites (The Israel of God). (Exodus 31:13, 16; Leviticus 24:8)

And thou shalt speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, with all this ye shall keep my Sabbaths; for it is a sign between me and you throughout your ages; that ye may know that I am the LORD that doth sanctify you.

 

Therefore the sons of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to observe the Sabbath throughout their ages for a perpetual covenant.

 

Every Sabbath he shall set it in order before the LORD continually: an everlasting covenant of the sons of Israel.

 

 Israel should observe YHVH's Appointed Times; (they are not Jewish Feasts, but Feasts of the Lord). Appointed Times are permanent and unchangeable. (Exodus 23:14, Leviticus 23:4, 14, 44)

Three times thou shalt celebrate a feast unto me in the year:

 

These are the feasts of the LORD, the holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their appointed times.

 

And ye shall eat neither bread nor parched grain nor green ears until this same day until ye have offered the offering of your God; it shall be a statute forever throughout your ages in all your dwellings.

 

Thus Moses declared unto the sons of Israel the feasts of the LORD.

 

 Mosaic Covenant is unconditional promise to bring Israel to her rest. (Hebrews 4:6-11)

Seeing, therefore, it remains that some must enter therein, and those to whom it was first preached did not enter in because of disobedience; again, he determines a certain day, saying, Today, by David so long a time afterward; as it is said, Today if ye will hear his voice, harden not your hearts. For if Jesus had given them rest, then he would not afterward have spoken of another day. There remains therefore a rest for the people of God. For he that is entered into his rest, he also has ceased from his own works, as God did from his.

¶ Let us therefore make haste to enter into that rest, lest anyone fall after the same example of disobedience.

 

This Covenant still stands, added to the Adamic, Noahic and Abrahamic Covenants. (Leviticus 26:9, 42, 44-45; Judges 2:1,2; Jeremiah 31:35-37; Ezekiel 16:60)

For I will return unto you and make you fruitful and multiply you and establish my covenant with you.

 

…and I will remember my covenant with Jacob and likewise my covenant with Isaac, and also my covenant with Abraham will I remember, and I will remember the land.

 

And yet for all that, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not cast them away, neither will I abhor them to destroy them utterly and to break my covenant with them; for I AM their God. But I will remember them because of the old covenant, when I brought them forth out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the Gentiles, that I might be their God: I am the LORD.

 

And the angel of the LORD came up from Gilgal to Bochim and said, I brought you up out of Egypt and caused you to enter into the land which I swore unto your fathers, and I said, I will never break my covenant with you

 

…as long as ye make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land; to the contrary, ye shall throw down their altars, but ye have not heard my voice; why have ye done this?

 

Thus hath the LORD said, who gives the sun for light by day, and the laws of the moon and of the stars for light by night, who divides the sea and the waves thereof roar; The LORD of the hosts is his name; If these laws depart from

before me, said the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me forever. Thus hath the LORD said: If the heavens above can be measured and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, said the LORD.

 

Nevertheless I will remember my covenant that I made with thee in the days of thy youth, and I will confirm unto thee an everlasting covenant.

 

5. Davidic Covenant — Symbolised by Jerusalem, began 1010 BCE

 Unconditional promise to establish Davidic dynasty on throne of Israel forever. (2 Sam 7:16)

And thy house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee; thy throne shall be established forever.

 

Pointed to a greater David and an everlasting Covenant. Messiah Son of YHVH is physically descended from King David through his son, Nathan. (Is11:1; 1 Sam 16:13; 2 Sam 5:3; 7:12-16; 23:5; 1 Chron17:11-14; 2 Chron 13:5; Ps 132:12)

And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse, and a Branch shall grow out of his roots:

 

Then Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him from among his brethren; and the Spirit of the LORD prospered David from that day forward. So Samuel rose up and went to Ramah.

 

So all the elders of Israel came to the king in Hebron; and King David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel.

 

And when thy days are fulfilled and thou shalt sleep with thy fathers, I will set up thy seed after thee, which shall proceed out of thy bowels, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commits iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men and with the stripes of the sons of men; but my mercy shall not depart away from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I took away from before thee. And thy house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee; thy throne shall be established forever.

 

Shall not my house be so with God, although all my saving health and my desire shall not be produced yet? For he has made an everlasting covenant with me, ordered in all things, and it shall be kept;

 

And it shall come to pass, when thy days are fulfilled to go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons; and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build me a house, and I will establish his throne eternally. I will be his father, and he shall be my son; and I will not take my mercy away from him, as I took it from him that was before thee; but I will confirm him in my house and in my kingdom forever, and his throne shall be established for evermore.

 

Do ye not know that the LORD God of Israel gave the kingdom over Israel to David forever, unto him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?

 

If thy sons will keep my covenant and my testimony that I shall teach them, their sons shall also sit upon thy throne forever.

 

 Covenant cut by David‘s sacrifices on the altar on Mt. Moriah. (1 Chronicles 21:26; 22:1)

And David built there an altar unto the LORD and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings and called upon the LORD, and he answered him from the heavens by fire upon the altar of burnt offering.

 

Then David said, this shall be the house of the LORD God, and this shall be the altar of the burnt offering for Israel.

 

Davidic Covenant still operates, added to the Adamic, Noahic, Abrahamic, Mosaic Covenants.

 

6. Renewed Covenant - symbolised by Messiah’s Blood/Cup & Body/Bread, given 30 CE at the death and resurrection of Y’shua

 

Covenant cut by the sacrifice of Y‘shua according to Torah re: timing, location and method. Offer of salvation to Gentiles by faith in Y‘shua, Son of YHVH. (Psalm 111:9; Galatians 3:6-9)

He has sent redemption to His people; He has commanded His covenant forever: Holy and awesome is His name.

 

Even as Abraham believed God and it was accounted to him for righteousness. Know ye therefore that those who are of faith, the same are the sons of Abraham. And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles through faith, evangelized Abraham in advance, saying, in thee shall all the Gentiles be blessed. So then those who are of faith are blessed with Abraham, the believer.

 

Unconditional Covenant sealed with Passover bread/wine memorial - 3rd Cup symbolising redemption. (Mark 14:24; Luke 22:20; 1 Corinthians 11:25)

And he said unto them, this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many.

 

Likewise also he took and gave them the cup after supper, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.

 

After the same manner also he took the cup, after he had eaten supper, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood; do this each time that ye drink, in remembrance of me.

 

Renewed Covenant is the perfect fulfillment (Gk: pleroma) of the former Covenants. Note: pleroma means ‘fullness of meaning‘, not end or abolish. (Jeremiah 31:31-34; 32:40)

Behold, the days come, said the LORD, in which I will make a new covenant with the house of Jacob and with the house of Judah: not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt because they invalidated my covenant although I was a husband unto them, said the LORD; But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, said the LORD, I will give my law in their souls and write it in their hearts and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall no longer teach every man his neighbour and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD, for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, said the LORD, for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.

 

…and I will make an eternal covenant with them, that I will not turn away from doing them good, and I will put my fear in their hearts that they shall not depart from me.

 

 Renewed Covenant ratifies the preceding Covenants for the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

 

7. Peace Covenant — ‘Shalom’ anticipated in the Messianic Kingdom

 A new Covenant to be added to the six preceding Covenants to form the Everlasting Covenant. Unconditional Shalom‘ of total peace and wholeness. (Isaiah 54:10; Ezekiel 34:25-26)

For the mountains shall be removed, and the hills shall tremble; but my mercy shall not depart from thee, neither shall the covenant of my peace be changed, said the LORD that has mercy on thee.

 

And I will establish with them a covenant of peace and will cause the evil beasts to cease out of the land: and they shall dwell safely in the wilderness and sleep in the woods. And I will give unto them and to the places round about my hill blessing, and I will cause the rain to come down in its season; they shall be rains of blessing.

 

Characterized by restoration of life to that which existed in the Garden of Eden.

Covenant to be fulfilled in the Land of Israel according to the borders promised to Abraham. (Isaiah 11:6-9; 14:24; 51:3; Ezekiel 36:8-12, 34-35)

The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a child shall shepherd them. The cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea.

 

The LORD of the hosts has sworn, saying, Surly as I have thought, so shall it come to pass; and as I have purposed, so shall it stand:

 

For the LORD shall surely comfort Zion; he will comfort all her waste places; and he will make her wilderness like Eden and her desert like the garden of the LORD; joy and gladness shall be found therein, thanksgiving, and the voice of singing.

 

But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot forth your branches and yield your fruit to my people of Israel, for they are at hand to come. For, behold, I am for you, and I will turn unto you, and ye shall be tilled and sown; and I will multiply men upon you, all the house of Israel, even all of it: and the cities shall be inhabited, and the ruins shall be built. And I will multiply upon you man and beast; and they shall multiply and grow; and I will cause thee to dwell as was thy desire of old and will do better unto you than at your beginnings; and ye shall know that I am the LORD. And I will cause men to walk upon you, even my people Israel; and they shall possess thee, and thou shalt be their inheritance, and from now on thou shalt no longer bereave them of sons.

 

And the desolate land shall be tilled, whereas it lay desolate in the sight of all that passed by; who said, This desolate land used to be like the garden of Eden; and these waste and desolate and ruined cities used to be fortified.

 

The Bible is one book, not two separate Testaments with the latter replacing the former. It is founded upon Covenants, each enlarging upon the former ones by including more people and greater promises.

 

Each Covenant is still operational today and will not cease until the end of time.

 

YHVH first cut a Covenant with Adam. Then He overlaid additional Covenants and will sustain them through to their culmination in Messiah Y‘shua, King of kings. It was always His plan to restore his Covenant people Israel to Himself.